Specialist Vs Generalist Perspective: Impact on Medical Education

The contrast is dramatized. Neither is right or wrong. Both are needed. As far as design, approach, etc., this must be generalism. This does not mean generalists in control, but generalism should guide decisions about medical education, before it explodes from lack of focus internally and externally.

Generalism, Medical Education, and Family Medicine: Complimentary Not Competitive

Intellectual Subspecialist Technophilic     

Generalist   Service-minded  Broad prep

 

Admissions Emphasis

 

Admissions Package

Emphasis on intellectual intelligence, standardized tests, grades, research experience, understanding of professional culture,

research issues specialized and more isolated - disease and procedures and technology

 

Emphasis on emotional intelligence, adaptation, service orientation, volunteer, leader, broader issues, need to understand people and communities, public health,

research is integrative - issues access and equity and education

 

Environment of med ed, hidden culture tends to be…

Emphasis on details of voyage, books, procedures, disease, technology, limited educational venues, curriculum too packed to allow individuation or volunteerism, often trainees forget why they chose medicine bogged down in all of the details they have to do, passive learning, learners not treated well as low rank

 

Emphasis on voyage itself, Vast and Endless Sea  Personal experiences key, relationships, hands on learning by decision making, unlimited educational environments, broad-based learning encouraged, generalists see needs of patients as whole persons and cannot ignore as easily, learners treated as colleagues

 

Faculty situation, values, attitude

More likely to have others adapt to them, rarely asked to change their attitudes, duties, etc.

 

Have to adapt to needs of patients, colleagues, environment, community, family, versatility a key characteristic to have or learn

Internally focused academics and research, Accountable to few

 

Externally focused service and community, Accountable to community, employers, patients

Challenge of material wealth, distraction

 

Less challenges, although significant all docs

Patients temporary and fewer in number

 

More continuity and higher volume, more uncertainty

 

Graduates major activities

Clinical Specialty, research, increase cost of care through procedures and technology, usually follow a defined pathway

Broader aspects of relationships, counseling, personal management important, access issues key, decrease cost of health overall by improving access, prevention, discover and pursue a niche or special situation with patients, colleagues

Major finding - first year of actual decrease in overall cancer mortality was 1995 according to National Cancer Institute, and this was due mainly to declines in male smoking, not technology, research, or new methods of treatment.

 

Student and Residents see

Small carefully crafted part of the life of the faculty member

See the whole aspect of FP life, practice, personal, family, community, management, hassle factors, not much held back

 

Patients are

Less well known, less likely to allow care

Mistakes seen by other specialists or coroner

FPs know their patients and know that students and residents must learn decision making, procedures

Mistakes seen by specialists, anecdotal stories unfair

 

Clinical problems faced

 

Usually known entity with one or a few options, closed approach soon needed

Often unknown or uncertain, comparison with common and uncommon, comparison among different organ systems with similar, comparison with psychosocial dimensions, comparison with experiential knowledge about patient and family, open approach needed, sometimes re-discovery in longer or future visits with additional info

Generalism, Medical Education, and Family Medicine: Complimentary Not Competitive

Specialist vs Generalist humor

Objectives for Rural Programs and Curricula

Medical Schools and Restoration

Flexner’s Impact on American Medicine

Osler and Rural Practice

www.ruralmedicaleducation.org